The announcements of the Nobel Prize 2025 start on October 6: how will the winners be decided?

The Nobel Prize, the most prestigious recognition in the world in science, literature, peace and economy, will start its advertising cycle in 2025 on October 6. Each year, the Nobel committees unveil their selections for the work deemed to have offered the “greatest advantage to humanity”, attracting global attention.

What is the Nobel Prize?

The prices were established under the will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish chemist and inventor of Dynamite, who devoted his fortune in 1895 to advance human progress. The first prizes were awarded in 1901.

The winners receive a gold medal, a diploma and a prize of around 11 million Swedish kronor – just more than 10 crores.

How the winners are chosen

Thousands of nominators, including university professors, scientists, previous Nobel winners, members of academies and parliamentary assemblies, have presented candidates each year. The Nobel committees of reward institutions examine these appointments and decide winners. The nominators are carefully selected to ensure large representation in countries and universities over time.

The process is very secret and carried out in stages. Short lists are debated during the months and final decisions are made under strict confidentiality. No more than three people can share a Nobel Prize, except in the peace category, which can also be awarded to organizations.

Price categories

• Physical: For breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of the physical universe.

• Chemistry: For the progress of the chemical sciences, from molecular biology to materials.

• Physiology or medicine: For discoveries deepening knowledge of living organisms, diseases and treatments.

• Literature: For authors, poets and playwrights whose work shows a lasting literary merit.

• Peace: For individuals or organizations that advance human rights, diplomacy or non-violence.

• Economics: Added in 1968, recognizing achievements in economic theory and in politics.

While the 2025 cycle begins, anticipation is based on who will join the distinguished ranks of the Nobel Prize winners – individuals and organizations whose work continues to shape global knowledge and inspire future generations.